So there was a game called Starship Theory. It's like FTL and Rimworld together. I recommend looking it up, as I can't explain things well. It was abandoned when the dev had a early born child, as well as other domestic events. Some say it's a scam, but it WAS early access so...
Anyway, it is do able in RW, and with Mars mod having a oxygen system already, it could be done. Besides, RW has hydroponics, research, and ship parts. In closing, this would be an awesome mod to have!
I remember hearing about that game a while back and it sounded awesome. It's a bummer that it looks like it may not be developed any more. Hopefully something changes! I think it would be a bit to do in a Rimworld mod, but I'd like to see someone try! :)