It's too big to paste in here, so I put it into a .txt.
It looks like nearly every def in the game is missing. I think you could check if the "Core" mod is active in the mods screen.
Having same issue, (kinda, my error isn't in the same order but very similar.) Brand new laptop and just downloaded from steam. Get massive error log on start. Can load old games but cannot start any new ones and get error on generating new map.
Like ison mention at the report before, you have many XML error's about Core.
That shouldn't happen normaly.
Since you said it is a fresh installation, i only can assume something went wrong at the installation and not all files got writen.
Go into your rimworld installation and delete inside the Mods folder Core.
Then let steam repair the installation.
If that didn't helped, post a new logfile and please a complete one. If you don't know where to find it, read the sticky "How to report...".
Hi Canute,
Deleting core file and then validating in steam has worked and everything all back to normal. I find it strange that uninstalling and reinstalling didn't work the same way but at least it's all better now. Thanks a lot!