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Well, the old fashioned way of dealing with infections was amputation.

Infected pinky?  Say hello to hook hand!

Really makes bionics and prosthetics mods look good.

"Check the raiders for weapons, try to kill ones with grenades or launcher first."

This.

Also, make chokepoints.  Funnel raiders into a killzone, or where only a couple can fire at you at once.
Judge your terrain, and see where invaders will approach.  Build your bunkers/turrets at each spot, so your pawns can move from point to point as invaders attack.
Better armor, better guns.
Get mods that update your security, such as Embrasures, shields, different turrets, etc.
Have a mix of ranged and melee pawns.  Melee with personal shields engage melee while your ranged pawns pick off ranged attackers. 
Conversely, if you assault a ranged pawn with a melee pawn they're typically toast.
Arrange for your really fast pawns to be melee so they can pursue  retreating enemies.
Have the ability to capture and convert prisoners.  The Hospitality mod can help here.  More pawns mean more survival.
Explosives.  There's an RPG mod, lots of grenades, etc.

When I encounter this it's usually with wargs or muffalo, and I like to set 2-3 pawns with personal shields behind the door, and then stack shooters directly behind them with accurate weapons to minimize backshots.  When the pack stacks, I set the door to hold open then have the meatshield pawn open it.  The pack then gets torn apart by gunfire, and I swap the meatshield out with undamaged meatshields as they get injured.

Then do the rescue on downed animals...

Only exception is the boomalope pack, and then the only way is to get your ranged pawns out to kill them as far away from your base as you can, and hope for the sympathetic explosions.

If you're using an advanced surgery mod, you can also just replace the organ.

Or a single mod. 

Use the one that adds Steeleaf or Plasteeleaf.

Unless you are looking for more hardcore difficulty, in which case my hat's off to you.

No to the vents.  This can be seen when trying to place a vent when an existing object would block it.

Adding an item later?  Needs a quick test.

Well, challenges can be accepted.

Remember, being eaten by 37 mad manhunter Rhinos during a Solar Eclipse is !!FUN!!

I suggest getting mods like EPoE or Glitterworld to get the enhanced prosthetics, a pharmacology mod for better meds, there's a mod for a dermal regenerator to fix scars, and I think one of the larger mod packs moves frail or bad back to the Spine, which can be replaced with a bionic one.

Mods are your friend here, especially for an artificial nose. 

We're in agreement there.  Resources at this point are better spent in content and fixes than in codifying a help system or trying to simplify a delightfully complex game.

"Plus it is in all of our best interest, if we love the Dwarf Fortress inspired Genre, to make it as inviting to new players as possible."

Not when it compromises the genre itself.

Rimworld is not attractive to everyone.  It's a niche product like most other games.  It's like a stock Honda Civic; you get the basic game that has good play and gets you there.  You can then mod it, if you choose, into an absurdly cool street racer.  Or not. 

If the developer wishes to add those features into a stock model, then great!  If not, then great!   

But don't fit it with training wheels.

As noted above, Rimworld is similar to Dwarf Fortress. 

This is not SimCity, or some less complex but graphically more appealing game that can have simple help.  I've played DF extensively, and graduated to Masterwork and other complex mods.  I explored the production menus to get a feel for what things could do, read the forums extensively, found mods that addressed many feature issues, and figured stuff out.

In short, investigation, exploration, self-teaching, and modifying the base game to suit me.

OP should seriously consider mods, especially the work and manager mods, as it addresses OP's concerns.

Attempting to simplify complex game systems to help those that won't help themselves is self defeating, because it is the complexity that differentiates the game and keeps it replayable.  Insisting that the game adapt to you rather than you adapting to the game is so, well, millennial. 

In short, Harden Up.  Use Mods.  Do the Research, or RTFF, such as they are.